Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
50103 => 5 0 1 0 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 0 = 5
0 to 1 = 1
1 to 0 = 1
0 to 3 = 3
3 to 5 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
5 1 1 3 2 = 51132