Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
03444 => 0 3 4 4 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
0 to 3 = 3
3 to 4 = 1
4 to 4 = 0
4 to 4 = 0
4 to 0 = 4
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
3 1 0 0 4 = 31004