Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
53154 => 5 3 1 5 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 3 = 2
3 to 1 = 2
1 to 5 = 4
5 to 4 = 1
4 to 5 = 1
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 2 4 1 1 = 22411