Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
46401 => 4 6 4 0 1
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
4 to 6 = 2
6 to 4 = 2
4 to 0 = 4
0 to 1 = 1
1 to 4 = 3
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 2 4 1 3 = 22413