Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
12523 => 1 2 5 2 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
1 to 2 = 1
2 to 5 = 3
5 to 2 = 3
2 to 3 = 1
3 to 1 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
1 3 3 1 2 = 13312