Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
51433 => 5 1 4 3 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 1 = 4
1 to 4 = 3
4 to 3 = 1
3 to 3 = 0
3 to 5 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
4 3 1 0 2 = 43102